关键词: 人工智能, 低技术工业部门, 高技术工业部门, 性别工资差距

Abstract: With the rapid advance of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) has a profound impact on the distribution of labor income, making gender wage gap take on new characteristics. Based on Aghion et al. (2017), this paper further divides the industrial sector into low-tech sector and high-tech sector. From the perspective of gender, this paper describes the impact of AI development on male and female labor demand structure and gender wage gap in different industrial sectors. This paper proves both theoretically and empirically that: Firstly, the development of AI will not only increase the demand for female labor force in low-tech industrial sector, but also increase the demand for male labor in high-tech industrial sector; secondly, the development of AI will alleviate the gender wage gap in low-tech industrial sector and aggravate it in high-tech industrial sector; thirdly, the labor force at the upper end of the income distributio is more likely to benefit from the development of AI. This paper further finds that gender discrimination is the main factor causing gender wage gap in low-tech industrial sector, while the difference of individual characteristics of labor force is the main factor causing gender wage gap in high-tech sector. This paper has profound policy implications: while accelerating the AI and industrial integration, the government should enhance regulation of gender discrimination, actively guide the labor force, especially the female labor force to learn professional skills required for “man-machine collaboration”, encourage enterprises to carry out the labor transfer skills training, and establish a long-term mechanism of national high-quality talent reserves.

Key words: AI, Low-Tech Industrial Sector, High-Tech Industrial Sector, Gender Wage Gap