关键词: 人工智能, 就业, 工资水平, 替代效应, 创造效应

Abstract: Using the data of manufacturing by industry in China from 2006 to 2017, this paper empirically studies the impact of using industrial robots on employment in manufacturing. The results show that the use of industrial robots has an employment effect on manufacturing industry, which has a significant negative impact on the number of jobs. For every 1% increase in the number of industrial robots, number of jobs decreases by about 4.6%, while the impact on wage level is not obvious. Considering the dynamic adjustment of labor market, the negative effect on number of jobs still exists, and has been strengthened with the development of "industry 4.0". The impact of robots on wage level also shows the time heterogeneity. Furthermore, this paper tries to solve the potential endogenous problems by using instrumental variables and the results remain robust. Finally, this paper discusses the industry heterogeneity of the employment effect of industrial robots. The findings of this paper will help us to correctly understand the overall impact of "machine replacing people" on China’s manufacturing employment market and provide corresponding policy recommendations for guiding the development of artificial intelligence technology and ensuring employment stability.

Key words: rtificial Intelligence, Employment, Wage Level, Substitution Effect, Creative Effect