统计研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 102-110.

• 论文 • 上一篇    

中国制造业单位劳动力成本及其国际比较研究

魏浩 郭也   

  • 出版日期:2013-08-15 发布日期:2013-08-05

Empirical Analysis of China's Manufacturing Unit Labor Cost and Its International Comparison

Wei Hao & Guo Ye   

  • Online:2013-08-15 Published:2013-08-05

摘要: 本文利用2001-2010年期间的数据,计算了中国制造业单位劳动力成本及其变化,并与19个不同类型国家和地区的情况进行了比较分析。研究结果表明:在2001-2010年期间,中国制造业小时劳动报酬、小时劳动生产率都表现为日益增加的态势,单位劳动力成本整体表现为先下降、后逐渐增加的态势,2010年调整后的单位劳动力成本比2001年增加了17%;中国制造业单位劳动力成本,不仅远远低于美、日、德、法、荷兰等发达国家,低于墨西哥、南非、俄罗斯等发展中大国、亚洲四小龙,也低于菲律宾、越南、马来西亚等新兴发展中国家;中国制造业小时劳动报酬、单位劳动力成本的增长速度快于亚洲四小龙、其他发展中大国、亚洲新兴发展中国家;中国单位劳动力成本目前已经超过了泰国、印尼等国家,在不久的将来,将超过菲律宾、马来西亚等地区。因此,国家政府要高度重视制造业的重要作用,防范“去工业化”倾向,提高劳动生产率,构建以单位劳动力成本为核心的国际竞争战略。

关键词: 制造业, 劳动报酬, 劳动生产率, 单位劳动力成本

Abstract: Based on the data from 2000 to 2010, this paper calculates the unit labor cost of manufacturing in China and makes a comparative analysis with different countries and regions. We find that: China's manufacturing labor remuneration per hour and labor productivity per hour showed an increasing trend, but the unit labor cost showed an increasing trend firstly and then showed a decreasing trend. The adjusted unit labor cost in 2010 increases by 17% than that in 2001; the increasing rate of labor remuneration per hour and unit labor cost in China is more than that in the big developing countries, Four Asian Tigers and Asian new developing countries, the unit labor cost in China will exceed the Philippines, Malaysia and other regions. Improving the quality and skill level of workers, improving the labor productivity is an important way for Chinese manufacturing to reduce unit labor cost and maintain international competitiveness.

Key words: Manufacturing, Labor Remuneration, Labor Productivity, Unit Labor Cost