关键词: 统计学, 社会统计, 数理统计, 统计方法, 统计原理

Abstract: Statistical academic books, especially textbooks, are the basis of the introduction, rooting,dissemination and development of statistics in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period, and are also important indicators to measure the development of statistics in China during this period. Previous research on statistical academic publications in this period is scattered, and this study takes the collected 204 statistical academic books in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period as the factual basis and research perspective, and examines the evolution course of statistics in China and characteristics in different periods in detail. It finds that: 1)The end of the Qing Dynasty (before 1912) is the early stage of the introduction of statistics which was deeply influenced by Japan. At this time the understanding of statistics was relatively narrow, more inclined to regard it as a research or working method, emphasizing administrative statistics. 2)The early and middle Republic of China period is the period of comprehensive introduction of statistics.Students returning from Europe and America brought the systematic statistical knowledge and technology back to China, especially the introduction of mathematical statistical knowledge. Translations and academic compilations of statistical publications gradually increased, and statistics was gradually regarded as an independent discipline. Modern statistics originating in Europe and America increasingly overtook Japan’ s dominance and became the content framework of statistical courses at schools and colleges of all levels. 3)The middle and late Republic of China period is the period of digestion, absorption and in-depth development.Statisticians were committed to compiling local textbooks on statistics for different educational stages and different fields of study. These statistical academic publications laid a solid foundation for the establishment of Chinese statistics as a discipline and objectively provided theory and method for scientific quantitative research in modern China.

Key words: Statistics, Social Statistics, Mathematical Statistics, Statistical Method, Statistical Principle