关键词: 医疗消费支出不平等, 两部模型, Heckman样本选择模型, 夏普里值分解

Abstract: Based on the CHNS data，in this paper，we analyze the inequality of health expenditure in rural China by using Shapley Value Decomposition ,estimate the contribution of various factors to the inequality and its change of health expenditure and further explore the internal mechanism of the evolution of the inequality. To correct for sample selection bias and the impact of a large number of zero expenses，we use Heckman sample-selection model to estimate total health expenditure and two-part model to estimate net expenditure respectively. The results show that the Gini coefficient of health expenditure in Chinese rural residents from 1991 to 2006 remains at a high level over 0.8. State of health，hospital level，income，the distance to the nearest health care provider and regions are the main factors which result in inequality and its evolution of health expenditure.

Key words: Inequality of Health Expenditure, Two-part Model, Heckman Sample-selection Model, Shapley Value Decomposition