关键词: 纯进口企业, 生产率溢价, 自选择效应, 进口学习效应, 企业创新

Abstract: On the basis of clearly putting forward the phenomenon of pure import enterprises, this paper first statistically analyzes the characteristic facts of China’s pure import enterprises, then empirically analyzes the productivity premium effect of pure import enterprises, and divides pure domestic enterprises into pure import enterprises and non-foreign trade enterprises, further reveals the reasons for the high productivity of pure import enterprises and the role of import. Statistical analysis shows that pure import enterprises are one of the main types of China’s foreign trade enterprises. The number of pure import enterprises accounts for about 20% of China’s various foreign trade enterprises and about 40% of China’s total import enterprises. The productivity of pure import enterprises is significantly higher than that of two-way trade enterprises, pure export enterprises and non-foreign trade enterprises. Empirical analysis shows that the productivity premium of pure import enterprises is lower than that of two-way trade enterprises and higher than that of pure export enterprises. Various tests show that this result is robust. Compared with non-foreign trade enterprises, the reason for the higher productivity of pure import enterprises is that pure import enterprises have import self-selection effect and import learning effect. Pure import enterprises themselves have higher productivity and can overcome various costs and choose to import. Pure import enterprises further improve their productivity through import learning effect. Further research shows that pure import enterprises significantly promote enterprise innovation through import, and enterprise innovation significantly promotes the improvement of productivity. The conclusion of this paper provides a theoretical basis for China to actively expand imports.

Key words: Pure Import Enterprise, Productivity Premium, Self-selection Effect, Import Learning Effect, Enterprise Innovation