关键词: 高铁开通, 污染减排, 提质增效, 多期DID 模型

Abstract: The article treats opening high-speed rail as a quasi-experiment, based on the panel data of 281 cities and municipalities in China from 2003 to 2017, and uses time-varying DID model to empirically test the emission reduction and efficiency enhancement effects of high-speed rail. The conclusion of the study shows that: 1)the opening of the high-speed rail has the economic effects of both emission reduction and efficiency enhancement. After alleviating possible endogenous problems and a series of robustness tests, the conclusion is still true. 2)The estimated results by region show that the emission reduction effect of high-speed rail operation has been verified in the central and western regions of China, and the western region is more obvious. The efficiency enhancement effect has been verified in all three major regions, and the eastern region is the most obvious, the central region the second, and the western region the lowest. 3)Estimated results by city size show that the economic effects of opening high-speed rail have not been verified only in small cities, but verified in medium and above cities. And with the expansion of the city scale, the economic effect of high-speed rail has become more and more obvious. 4)The mechanism study shows that foreign direct investment is an effective transmission route of emission reduction and efficiency enhancement effect of high-speed railway. Technological progress is only an effective transmission route for the emission reduction effect, while population concentration and human capital are only the effective transmission route for the efficiency enhancement effect.

Key words: High-speed Rail, Emission Reduction, Efficiency Enhancement, Time-varying DID Model