Abstract: By the middle of this century, China will basically realize the common prosperity of all the people. What is common prosperity? What are the main factors affecting common prosperity? Which indicators can reflect the characteristics of common prosperity? How to monitor the process of common prosperity? These problems need to be scientifically interpreted with statistics. This paper combs the relevant discussions on common prosperity and the relevant discussions on anti-poverty. Then on the basis of reinterpreting the connotation of common prosperity in the new era, with “people-centered” and “sharing, prosperous and sustainable” as the main points, focusing on the two key words of “common” and “prosperity”, aiming at the three gaps between urban and rural areas, regions and income, we build a common prosperity process index system composed of six first-class indicators: simultaneous growth of economic quality and efficiency, coordinated and balanced development, rich spiritual life, global beauty construction, social harmony and public service enjoyment, and a common prosperity outcome index system composed of three first-class indicators: sharing, prosperity and sustainability. At last, we take Zhejiang Province as an example to measure the realization degree of Zhejiang’s common prosperity in 2015—2020.

Key words: Common Prosperity, Statistical Interpretation, High-quality Development, Index System