Abstract: Abstract:The author believes that the priority for new socialist countryside construction is to solve the problems directly relevant to the benefits of rural residents. These problems include ： the slow growth of the per capita net income of rural households and the sustaining expansion of gap of per capita income between urban and rural households, the huge gap of education levels between urban and rural population and the heavy burden for education expenditure for rural households, unbalanced distribution of health resources in urban and rural areas, and the lack of social security systems for rural residents. The reasons for these problems were analyzed and some policies and suggestions are put forward.

Key words: Key words:new so cialist countryside construction, rural labor force transfer, household register system, land tenure