关键词: 就业统计, 分行业就业, 国际比较, 劳动生产率

Abstract: China’ s current employment statistics at the industry level are not sufficient, and there is a lack of uniformity in the statistical objects, industrial classification and accounting methods, resulting in the poor comparability of employment data at the industry level in different years in China. To accurately account the employment by industry, this paper clarifies the different accounting scopes of employment data, provides a unified method for the conversion of different accounting specifications and measures the employment data of 97 industries from 1990 to 2018 based on the latest Industrial Classification of National Economic Activities (GB/ T 4754—2017), and the rationality of the results is confirmed. On this basis, this paper calculates the labor productivity by industry and makes an international comparison of industry distribution and labor productivity. The results show that the industry-level employment data of 97 industries from 1990 to 2018 are accurately calculated. By comparing with the multiple results of different research and census data, it is found that the reliability of the calculation results in this paper is high. The average annual growth rate of labor productivity in most industries is positive, and labor productivity is the highest in the financial industry, the lowest in agriculture. Focus on improving the labor productivity of the tertiary industry and actively expanding the supply of effective products are conducive to promoting domestic and international dual circulation against the global spread of Covid-19. China’s high-end industry employment is much smaller than that of US and EU countries, and the labor productivity of all industries in China is lower compared to the US. Optimization of employment distribution and increase of labor productivity is important for China to cope with Covid-19 and smooth the domestic circulation.

Key words: Employment Statistics, Employment by Sector, International Comparison, Labor Productivity