统计研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 46-59.doi: 10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2019.08.004

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中美贸易摩擦、美国进口冲击与中国企业创新

魏浩等   

  • 出版日期:2019-08-25 发布日期:2019-08-25

Sino-US Trade Friction, Import Shock from the United States and Innovation of China’s Enterprises

Wei Hao et al.   

  • Online:2019-08-25 Published:2019-08-25

摘要: 在中美贸易摩擦不断升级的背景下,基于高度细化的微观企业数据,本文实证分析了来自美国的进口竞争对中国企业创新的影响。研究发现:①从整体上来看,来自美国的进口竞争优化了企业的专利申请结构,对企业发明专利申请量具有显著促进作用,对企业实用新型专利和外观设计专利申请量无显著影响。②来自美国的进口竞争,对内资企业、低融资约束企业的创新总产出具有显著促进作用,创新总产出增加是由于高质量创新(发明专利)与低质量创新(实用新型专利、外观设计专利)同时显著提升导致的;外资企业、高融资约束企业的创新总产出下降是由于低质量创新显著下降、高质量创新变化不显著导致的,对低生产率企业高质量创新的促进作用大于高生产率企业。③来自美国的进口竞争增加了企业退出市场的风险,为了应对美国进口冲击,中国企业积极应对,增加研发投入支出、优化就业结构、扩大就业规模,加快高质量创新,从而产生了“逃离竞争效应”。

关键词: 进口竞争, 企业创新, 发明专利, 研发投入, 逃离竞争效应

Abstract: In the context of escalating Sino-US trade friction, this paper empirically studies the impacts of import competition from the United States on the innovation of China’s enterprises based on highly disaggregated micro enterprise data. The results show that: ① Overall, import competition from the United States has optimized the patent application structure of Chinese enterprises. Specifically, import competition from the United States has a significant positive effect on the number of invention patent applications, but has no significant effect on the number of utility patent and design patent applications. ② The influence of import competition from the United States on the highquality innovation of different enterprises is significant but heterogeneous. Import competition from the United States promotes highquality innovation in lowproductivity firms more than in highproductivity firms. Import competition from the United States has a significant effect on the highquality innovation of domestic enterprises, but has no significant effect on the highquality innovation of foreign enterprises. Import competition from the United States has a significant effect on the highquality innovation of enterprises with low financing constraints, but has no significant effect on the high-quality innovation of enterprises with high financing constraints. ③ Import competition from the United States increases the risk of Chinese companies exiting the market. In order to cope with the import competition from the United States, domestic enterprises promote the high-quality innovation by increasing investment in R&D and skilled workers as well as employment structure and scale improvement, which has resulted in the effect of escape competition.

Key words: Import Competition, Enterprise Innovation, Invention Patents, Research and Development, Escape Competition Effect