统计研究

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关于统计单位划分存在的问题和改革设想

江源   

  • 出版日期:2017-02-15 发布日期:2017-03-01

The Problems of Statistical Units Definition and the Perspectives for Reforming

Jiang Yuan   

  • Online:2017-02-15 Published:2017-03-01

摘要: 获得准确的统计数据的基础,首先要确定合理准确的统计单位。长期以来,我国统计单位的确定原则是以法人单位为基本原则的,在计划经济时期形成的这一原则是基于当时的法人单位比较单一,较少跨产业、跨地区经营的现象,以法人单位为基础进行统计简单易行。随着市场经济的发展,企业组织形式、经营业态日趋复杂和多元化,法人单位统计原则在现行分级核算体制下遇到了重复统计严重、与核算原则相悖、不利于新经济统计等诸多问题。本文通过对2008SNA关于统计单位的原则建议的研究,以及我国法人单位统计原则的演变和统计单位改革的实践总结,分析了现行法人单位统计原则以及跨省分支机构视同法人单位统计的弊端,提出了统计单位统计原则的三种改革设想:一是以产业活动单位为基本统计单位,二是法人单位跨省产业活动单位作为单独的统计单位,三是在法人单位统计基础上对组织结构复杂企业进行企业结构调查,针对现行统计单位存在的问题提出了解决办法。最后对这三种改革设想进行了分析比较,指出了改革的难点,提出了改革的方向。

关键词: 统计单位, 2008SNA, 法人单位统计, 视同法人

Abstract: The accuracy of statistics is primarily based on an appropriate and precise definition of statistical units. In China's practice, statistical units are defined following the principle that one unit should be one legal Unit with independent accounting system. This principle according with the circumstances that legal units are relatively distinct without many cross-sector or cross-region examples, had been applicable and convenient in the era of planned economy. However, with the development of market economy, the organization models and the operation modes tend to be increasingly complex and multiple for enterprises. The principle of legal units statistics encountered some problems in the present system. For instance, a cross-region enterprise may be repeatedly calculated, the GDP accounting criteria may not be rightly confirmed to and the statistics for new economy may not be easily conducted. Through the research on the definition criteria for statistical units in 2008 SNA and the domestic experiences, this paper analyzes the present principle of the legal units statistics as well as disadvantages of cross-region legal units. It offers three approaches to further improve the statistic unit definition methods. The first is to consider establishment as the basic statistical unit, the second one is to consider the establishments of a cross-region legal units as independent statistical unit, and the third one, based on the current description of statistical unit, is to conduct survey on the enterprises with complex structures and suggest possible solutions. In the end, it compares these three ways with each other, points out the actual difficulty and leads to the direction of the reforming.

Key words: Statistical Unit, 2008 SNA, Statistics of Legal Units, Treated as Legal Units