统计研究

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中国外需隐含国内就业及其影响因素分析

卫瑞 张文城   

  • 出版日期:2015-06-15 发布日期:2015-06-25

Analysis on Domestic Employment Embodied in China’s Foreign Demand and its Determinants

Wei Rui Zhang Wencheng   

  • Online:2015-06-15 Published:2015-06-25

摘要: 随着中国嵌入全球价值链程度的深入,外需对国内就业的影响越来越大。基于世界投入产出数据库,本文采用MRIO模型测算了1995-2009年中国外需隐含国内就业的变动趋势,并采用结构分解方法分析了9种因素对中国外需隐含国内就业变化的影响。结果显示:1995-2009年,中国外需隐含国内就业由11109万人-年增加到19614万人-年,增长了76.55%,外需隐含国内就业对于国内就业创造的重要性在不断提高,但低技能就业始终是外需隐含就业的主体。外国最终需求产品来源地结构变动、中国前向国际产业关联变动和外国最终需求规模变动是促进中国外需隐含国内就业增长的三个最主要因素,分别使中国外需隐含国内就业增长181.02%、125.56%和46.77%。中国国内生产部门劳动投入强度变动和最终需求产品结构变动不利于中国外需隐含国内就业增长。为此,可以通过加快生产性服务业对外开放和促进生产性服务出口来扩大就业渠道和提升就业质量。

关键词: 外需隐含国内就业, 多区域投入产出(MRIO)模型, 结构分解分析, 全球价值链

Abstract: Based on World Input-Output Database, this paper uses MRIO model to estimate domestic employment embodied in China’s foreign demand and analyzes influences of 9 factors on its change. The results reveal that from 1995 to 2009, domestic employment embodied in China’s foreign demand increase by 76.55% in China. The change of production sources of foreign final demand, the variation of China’s forward international industry linkage and the foreign final demand expansion are three main sources of the increase of domestic employment embodied in China’s foreign demand, which make domestic employment increase by 181.02%,125.56% and 46.77% respectively. The change of domestic labor input intensity and the composition of final demand goes against the increase of domestic employment embodied in China’s foreign demand. Therefore, in order to expand employment channel and improve the quality of employment, we could speed up the opening up of producing services and encourage producing services export.

Key words: Domestic Employment Embodied in Foreign Demand, Multi-Region Input-Output (MRIO)Model, Structural Decomposition Analysis, Global Value Chain