关键词: 政府统计, 政治算术, 统计数据, 统计法治

Abstract: This paper summaries that the essence of governmental statistics is political arithmetic about national condition based on the discussion of the origin and development of governmental statistics，and it also shares many general characters in different countries. Today, although every country has made great achievements in governmental statistics, with the constantly change of human needs, there are still further discussion and research to be done, which calls heavy responsibility and takes long to finish, and which is also in the ascendant. Governmental statistical work of new China has made huge contribution in the 60 years’ time, but there are still many problems in the new situations, so further reform should be deepen, and more work should be done on the four "one".

Key words: Governmental Statistics, Political Arithmetic, Statistical Data, Statistical Law