统计研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 47-61.doi: 10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2020.01.004

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生产分割、服务业开放与技术追赶——基于微观视角的理论与实证分析

张陈宇  杨易擎  孙浦阳   

  • 出版日期:2020-01-25 发布日期:2020-02-28

Production Segmentation, Services Openingup and Technological Improvement—A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis from the Micro Perspective

Zhang Chenyu  Yang Yiqing  Sun Puyang   

  • Online:2020-01-25 Published:2020-02-28

摘要: 本文从理论与实证验证了生产分割促进了技术进步,服务业开放扩大了生产分割对技术进步的促进作用。首先,本文构建了理论模型,揭示了生产分割的细化提高了企业专业化生产的程度,使企业将资源集中于核心技术的升级,最终缩小技术差距;服务业开放通过降低信息成本,提高生产分割对技术进步的边际效应。其次,本文使用2000-2013年工业企业数据库,首先计算了企业生产工序数指标,用来准确刻画企业生产分割细化程度;然后构建了技术距离指标,度量了中国14年间制造业技术追赶的动态变化;同时,本文也使用了近14年的服务业外商投资管理目录,阐述了中国服务业外资参与度的动态变化。实证结果发现:首先,本文确定了生产分割有效促进了技术进步,主要体现在缩小了与国际前沿的技术差距,并且服务业外资开放有效促进了这一效应,与理论假设吻合;通过区分信息服务业对服务业开放的支撑渠道,本文做了详细的机制检验,并使用多个指标检验了信息服务业开放的“润滑剂”效应更多体现在低产品替代性企业、知识密集型企业以及高技术相似度的企业中;最后,本文对可能存在的内生性以及估计偏误进行检验,结果证实了研究结果的稳健性。

关键词: 生产分割, 技术距离, 服务业开放

Abstract: This paper theoretically and empirically verifies that production segmentation promotes technological progress, and service industry opening-up expands the role of production segmentation in promoting technological progress. First of all, this paper constructs a theoretical model to reveal that the refinement of production segmentation improves the degree of specialized production of enterprises, so that enterprises concentrate resources on the upgrading of core technologies, and ultimately narrow the technological gap; the opening-up of service industry improves the marginal effect of production segmentation on technological progress by reducing information costs. Secondly, using the industrial enterprise database from 2000 to 2013, this paper first calculates the number of production processes of enterprises, which is used to accurately delineate the degree of production segmentation and refinement of enterprises; then constructs the technological distance index, which measures the dynamic change of China’s manufacturing technology catching up in 14 years; at the same time, this paper also uses the Foreign Investment Management Catalogue of service industry in the recent 14 years to elaborate the dynamic change of foreign investment participation in China’s services. The empirical results show that: first of all, this paper determines that production segmentation has effectively promoted technological progress, which is mainly reflected in narrowing the technological gap with the international frontier, and foreign capital access to service industry has effectively promoted this effect, which is consistent with the theoretical hypothesis; by distinguishing the supporting channels of information service industry to service industry opening-up, this paper makes a detailed mechanism test, and uses multiple indicators to check that the "lubricant" effect of information service industry opening-up is more reflected in low product-substitution enterprises, knowledge-intensive enterprises and enterprises with high technology similarity. Finally, this paper tests the possible endogeneous and estimation bias, and the results confirm the robustness of the research results.

Key words: Production Segmentation, Technological Distance, Services Opening-up