统计研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 60-73.doi: 10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2019.08.005

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出口产品质量与技能溢价:理论机制及中国证据

  

  • 出版日期:2019-08-25 发布日期:2019-08-25

Export Product Quality and Skill Premium: The Theoretical Mechanism and China’s Evidence

Yu Meici & Cai Hongbo   

  • Online:2019-08-25 Published:2019-08-25

摘要: 本文基于出口产品“质”的视角,理论阐释并实证检验出口产品质量对技能溢价的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:出口产品质量提高显著提升了劳动力技能溢价,这种提升效应在高技术行业更为明显;出口产品质量升级主要通过增加对高技能劳动力相对需求、改善企业利润和绩效等机制提升技能溢价,但出口产品质量影响技能溢价的产品价格机制未得到验证;技能溢价与高技能劳动力供给之间呈倒“U”型关系。因此,为防止出口产品质量升级加剧技能工资不平等,需要采取加强人力资本投资、增加高素质劳动力供给、完善与高质量外贸发展相适应的相对公平的收入分配政策等措施。

关键词: 出口, 产品质量, 技能溢价, 技能工资差距

Abstract: Based on the perspective of export product "quality", this paper theoretically explains and empirically tests the effect of export product quality on skill premium and its mechanism. It finds that the improvement of export quality significantly promoted the skill premium, which was more obvious in the high-tech industry. Export product quality improves skill premium mainly through increasing the relative demand for high-skill labor, and improving the performance and profit of the enterprise. But price mechanism of export quality influencing skill premium has not been verified. The relationship between the supply of high-skill labor and the skill premium is an inverted "U". Therefore, to prevent the upgrading of export product quality from exacerbating inequality in skills wages, it is necessary to strengthen the investment of human capital, increase the supply of high-quality labor, and improve the fair income distribution policy relative to quality development of foreign trade.

Key words: Export, Product Quality, Skill Premium, Skill Wage Gap