统计研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 11-22.doi: 10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2019.02.002

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城镇贫困的特征演变

张冰子等   

  • 出版日期:2019-02-25 发布日期:2019-03-07

Characteristics of Urban Poverty in China

Zhang Bingzi et al.   

  • Online:2019-02-25 Published:2019-03-07

摘要: 本文利用中国家庭收入调查数据研究了1988-2013年间我国城镇居民的贫困问题。以利用“马丁法”计算的各省历年贫困线作为贫困识别标准,发现25年间城镇地区的贫困率下降明显,尤其暂时性贫困和持久性贫困的贫困率已经很低,贫困人口以选择性贫困为主,即消费不足成为我国城镇人口贫困的主要特征。家庭人口多、有未成年子女会有更大概率陷入贫困,而教育和稳定的就业则可以有效缓解贫困。当前我国城镇地区的贫困人口认定和救助主要以收入为标准,本文认为应充分重视贫困人口消费不足的问题,拓展专项救助的范围,同时增大对教育、卫生、住房等基本民生保障的投入,减少低收入群体的过度储蓄,并特别关注贫困青少年的精神和物质消费需求。

关键词: 贫困, 城镇贫困, 选择性贫困, 贫困规模

Abstract: By using data from Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP), this paper studies the characteristics of poverty in urban China and its policy implications. By means of calculating the province-specific poverty lines using the method proposed by Ravallion (1998), it is found that poverty rates (especially for transient poverty and chronic poverty) decrease significantly in the urban areas in a quarter of century from 1988 to 2013, and there is mostly voluntary poverty prevailed in recent years, characterized as under-consumption among the poor population in urban areas. Large households with minors are inclined to poverty with high probability, but both education and stable employment are helpful for alleviation of poverty in an efficient way. For the time being, the poverty delineation and support are mainly based on income as a criterion. It is proposed that the issue of under-consumption of poor households must be attentive, focusing on drafting a targeted supporting policy. At the same time, the input in security for the people’s livelihood, such as education, health, and housing, must be expanded to reduce over-saving of low income households, moreover, much attention should be paid to the demands of material and spiritual consumption from the children and youths living in low-income households.

Key words: Poverty, Urban Poverty, Voluntary Poverty, Poverty Size