关键词: 收入分配, 机会不平等, 努力, 环境, 参数法

Abstract: Considering the influence and correlation of the unobservable circumstance and effort factors, the paper improves the parametric method of the inequality of opportunity, and measures the opportunity inequality of income distribution in China. The results indicate that, inequality of opportunity on average accounts for 29% of total inequality, and inequality of opportunity caused by the observable circumstance factors accounts for 27% of total inequality, while the inequality of opportunity caused by the unobservable circumstance only accounts for 2%. Moreover, differences in family background, geographic diversity, urban-rural gap and gender discrimination are the main sources of opportunity inequality in China. Therefore, in order to reduce the inequality of opportunity, the government should put efforts to construct targeted poverty alleviation and social assistance system with explicit orientation to compensate those residents who fall into poverty because of the disadvantaged external environment, and create conditions and platforms for the underprivileged to succeed on their own.

Key words: Income Distribution, Inequality of Opportunities, Circumstance, Effort, Parametric Method