关键词: 偏向性技术进步, TFP增长, 要素增强型CES生产函数, 收敛分析

Abstract: Biased technological change represents the general form of technological change. However, few literatures analyze the characteristics and sources of TFP evolution from the perspective of biased technological change. Based on the CES production function of standardized factor-augmenting technological change, this paper uses the data system at the transnational level to investigate the convergence and influencing factors of TFP growth from the perspective of biased technological change. The main findings are as follows: first, technological change among countries shows obvious factor bias, and TFP growth in the context of biased technological change among different types of countries is roughly bounded by 1999. The average dispersion degree first decreases and then expands. Second, absolute β convergence is widespread in different types of countries. Developed countries maintain throughout the sample period conditional β convergence trend: the TFP growth of countries with capital biased technological change has experienced the evolution stage of first divergence and then approaching their own steady-state level, while the TFP evolution trend of countries with labor biased technological change is the contrary, which is related to the increasingly prominent negative effects driven by long-term dependence on high capital investment. Compared with the year-on-year growth rate method, the TFP growth rate calculated by the geometric average growth rate method reduces the impact of large fluctuations in productivity on the convergence test results. Thus the result of conditional β convergence test model is more reliable. Third, further research also finds that the improvement of education level, the optimization of industrial structure, the optimization of factor endowment structure and the improvement of economic freedom are conducive to the growth of TFP in the context of biased technological progress, and the excessive expansion of government scale will cause productivity loss. This conclusion is still true after considering endogeneity, the selective deviation of dependent variables and deleting sample outliers. Therefore, continuing to promote economic and social structural reform is of great significance for developing countries to narrow the productivity gap with developed countries.

Key words: Biased Technological Change, TFP Growth, Factor-Augmenting CES Production Function, Convergence