统计研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 42-57.doi: 10.19343/j.cnki.11–1302/c.2023.02.004

• • 上一篇    下一篇

开放竞争、智能制造与消费福利效应

刘佳琪 孙浦阳   

  • 出版日期:2023-02-25 发布日期:2023-02-25

Open Competition, Intelligent Manufacturing and Consumer Welfare Effect

Liu Jiaqi Sun Puyang   

  • Online:2023-02-25 Published:2023-02-25

摘要: 本文首先基于进口关税与市场定价模型,引入智能制造因素,从理论层面阐述产业数字化转型通过市场竞争提升福利效应的作用机制;其次,使用文本识别等方法刻画生产过程智能渗透水平,并通过整合商品的市场价格、进口关税等微观信息,得到2000—2018年“城市?商品?时间”维度的具体数据;最后,基于匹配后的面板数据验证理论机制,并考察了商品异质性和区域异质性对作用机制的影响。结果表明:生产环节智能渗透度越高的产品,关税传导效果越明显,并且这种促进作用在起始自动化水平较高的行业中表现尤为明显;进一步的机制分析发现,在异质性产品和生产分割程度更高的城市中,智能制造对关税传导的促进作用更强。此外,本文还使用城镇住户调查数据中的家庭消费数据,分别测算出产品生产环节有无智能渗透情况下的消费福利,为智能制造通过开放竞争渠道提升居民消费福利提供了直接依据。

关键词: 智能制造, 市场竞争, 关税传导, 居民福利

Abstract: Firstly, this paper introduces the factor of intelligent manufacturing and expounds the mechanism theoretically between digital transformation of manufacture and welfare effect based on the open competition model. Then, we use text recognition and other methods to characterize the intelligent penetration level of the production process. And the specific data information of the “city-commodity-time” dimension from 2000 to 2018 is obtained by integrating the micro-information of market price and import tariff of commodities. Finally, this paper verifies the theoretical mechanism and examines the effects of commodity heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity on the mechanism based on matched panel data. The findings indicate that the higher the degree of intelligent penetration in production, the more obvious the tariff pass-through effect, which is particularly obvious in the industries with higher initial automation level. Further mechanism analysis shows that the marginal effect of intelligent production on tariff pass-through is more obvious in heterogeneous products and cities with high degree of production segmentation. Besides, we use household consumption data from UHS to calculate consumption welfare, and verify that intelligent production can improve consumer welfare through open market.

Key words: Intelligent Manufacturing, Market Competition, Tariff Pass-through, Welfare