统计研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 53-71.doi: 10.19343/j.cnki.11–1302/c.2022.08.004

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综合保税区政策推动出口企业转型升级了吗?

余壮雄 张 婕 董洁妙 杨 扬   

  • 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-08-25

Does Comprehensive Bonded Zone Policy Improve the Transformation and Upgrading of Exporters?

Yu Zhuangxiong Zhang Jie Dong Jiemiao Yang Yang   

  • Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-08-25

摘要: 对外开放经济功能区是体现我国对外开放政策与决心的重要阵地,在“加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局”中处于重要的地位。本文运用多期双重差分法探讨了城市设立综合保税区对企业出口转型的影响。实证结果显示,综合保税区的设立促进了企业从事更多高附加值的一般贸易出口,当综合保税区升级为自贸区后,该政策效应会进一步放大;排除企业游说和政策套利的可能性后发现,综合保税区的影响具有普惠性,且对中小出口企业转型升级的作用更强。此外,政策推动企业出口升级的效果主要存在于较高行政级别的城市与一般贸易企业内部。进一步的机制分析发现,城市企业集群和行业出口网络为企业带来的信息溢出是综合保税区推动企业转型升级的重要渠道;对出口价值链的分析则表明,综合保税区政策推动了一般贸易业务更好地嵌入全球价值链并实现价值链攀升,但对加工贸易业务则存在抑制作用。本文进一步验证了区域开放型政策对于畅通“双循环”的促进作用,为优化对外开放经济功能区的制度设计以推动我国企业出口转型升级提供了新的思路与视角。

关键词: 综合保税区, 自贸区, 出口转型, 全球价值链, 新发展格局

Abstract: Opening-up Functional Areas are major places that reflect the policy and determination of opening-up in China, and play an important role in “accelerating the establishment of a dual circulation development pattern in which domestic economic cycle plays a leading role while international economic cycle remains its extension and supplement”. We use the difference-in-difference method to explore the impact of the establishment of Comprehensive Bonded Zone on the transformation of exporters. The empirical results show that the establishment of Comprehensive Bonded Zone has promoted enterprises to engage in more export activities of high domestic value added general trade, and when a Comprehensive Bonded Zone is upgraded to a free trade zone, the effect of the policy will be further amplified. After eliminating the possibility of corporate lobbying and policy arbitrage, it is found that the impact of Comprehensive Bonded Zone is universal and has a stronger effect on small and medium exporters. In addition, the effect of Comprehensive Bonded Zone mainly exists in higher administration-rank cities and general trade exporters. Furthermore, mechanism analyses find that the information spillover of urban enterprise clusters and industry export networks is an important channel for Comprehensive Bonded Zone to promote the transformation and upgrading of exporters. The analysis of the global value chain shows that Comprehensive Bonded Zone policy can help Chinese general trade be better embedded in the global value chain and achieve value chain climbing, but it has a restraining effect on processing trade. The research in this article affirms the role of regional opening-up policies in promoting the dual circulation, which provides new ideas and perspectives for optimizing the institutional design of Opening-up Functional Areas to promote the transformation and upgrading of Chinese exporters.

Key words: Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Free Trade Zone, Export Transformation, Global Value Chain, New Development Pattern