统计研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 114-124.doi: 10.19343/j.cnki.11–1302/c.2022.07.009

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城市规模与居民福利——基于阿玛蒂亚·森的可行能力视角

孙三百 洪俊杰   

  • 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-07-25

City Size and Resident Welfare: Based on the Perspective of Capability Theory

Sun Sanbai & Hong Junjie   

  • Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-25

摘要: 同质主体假定下的经典城市经济学理论认为城市规模与居民效用呈“倒U型”关系,由此涌现出一系列从不同视角估计最优城市规模的实证研究,且结论存在明显差异。本文从微观个体层面运用多维福利指标对异质主体的最优城市规模进行估计,发现城市规模与居民福利呈现“倒U型”关系,并且最优城市规模存在异质性。城市层面的异质性分析发现,城市产业多样化程度越高则最优城市规模越大,城市蔓延程度越高则最优城市规模越小。基于个体层面的异质性分析发现,受教育程度更高的个体对应的最优城市规模更大,迁移者对应的最优城市规模小于非迁移者对应的最优城市规模。因此,在新型城镇化进程中,应充分考虑城市和个体的异质性,因城施策、因人施策,制定更加合理的城市体系调控政策,构建以人为本的社会保障体系。

关键词: 异质主体, 城市规模, 居民福利, 可行能力

Abstract: Under the assumption of homogeneous agents, the classical urban economics holds that the relationship between city size and residents’ utility is “inverted U-shaped”, which leads to a series of empirical studies on estimating the optimal city size from different perspectives, with significant differences in their conclusions. This study estimates the optimal city size by using multidimensional welfare indicators at the micro level, and finds that the relationship between city size and residents’ welfare presents an “inverted-U” shape. At the same time, the city level heterogeneity analysis finds that the higher the urban sprawl level, the smaller the optimal city size; the higher the diversification of urban industries, the larger the optimal city size. The micro level heterogeneity analysis shows that the optimal city size of individuals with higher education levels is larger, and migrants’ optimal city size is smaller than that of non-migrants. It can be seen that in the process of urbanization, government should consider the heterogeneity of cities and individuals, and formulate more reasonable policies targeted to specific cities and individuals to optimize urban system and build a people-oriented social security system.

Key words: Heterogeneous Agents, City Size, Resident Welfare, Capability Theory