统计研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 45-57.doi: 10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2021.04.004

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中间品进口种类扩张对企业出口复杂度的影响

李小平 彭书舟 肖唯楚   

  • 出版日期:2021-04-25 发布日期:2021-04-25

Influence of Expanding Types of Intermediate Input Imports on Export Sophistication

Li Xiaoping Peng Shuzhou Xiao Weichu   

  • Online:2021-04-25 Published:2021-04-25

摘要: 中间品进口作为国际技术溢出的主要途径,对促进一国生产及出口结构升级有着非常重要的影响。本文利用2000-2011年中国工业企业数据库和海关贸易统计数据库的合并数据,基于进口产品种类变化的利得视角,考察了中间品进口种类扩张对企业出口复杂度提升的影响效应。研究显示:企业从国外进口更多种类的中间品有助于促进其出口复杂度的提升,该结论在经过内生性处理、更换核心指标测度方法等多种检验后,具有较好的稳健性;从影响机理上看,中间品进口种类扩张主要通过“产品创新”的直接途径和“生产率提升”的间接途径来推动企业出口复杂度的提升;此外,受进口来源国类别、企业所有制形式以及行业技术特征等异质性因素的影响,中间品进口种类扩张对出口复杂度提升的影响程度存在不同。本文从经验上证明了“以进口强出口”发展模式的合理性,对评估我国当前正在实施的“扩大进口”政策的经济效益,以及推动“贸易强国”建设有着重要意义。

关键词: 中间品进口, 进口种类, 出口复杂度, 产品创新, 生产率

Abstract: As the main means of international technology spillover, intermediate input imports have an important impact on promoting a country’s production and export structural upgrading. Based on the merged data from the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms and Customs-Trade Statistics Database in China 2000-2011, the effect of expanding types of intermediate input imports on the improvement of export sophistication is investigated from the perspective of import type changes. The empirical research finds that expanding types of intermediate input imports helps promote export sophistication. This conclusion is robust after various tests, such as processing with endogenous problems, changing the measurement of core indicators, etc. As for the influencing mechanism, “product innovation” and “productivity improvement” are direct and indirect means of influence respectively. In addition, affected by such heterogeneous factors as a category of a country as an import source, nature of enterprise ownership, and technical characteristic of the industry, the influence degree of expanding types of intermediate input imports on the promotion of export sophistication varies. This research empirically supports the rationality of the development pattern of “ improving exports with imports ”, and provides a significant reference for evaluating the economic effect of China’s current policy of expanding exports and promoting the development of China as a powerful trader.

Key words: Intermediate Input Import, Type of Import, Export Sophistication, Product Innovation, Productivity