统计研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 73-86.doi: 10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2021.02.006

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城市规模与人力资本技能溢价:集聚效应和选择效应

张军涛 翟婧彤 贾宾   

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  • 出版日期:2021-02-25 发布日期:2021-02-25

City Size and Human Capital Skill Premium:Agglomeration Effect and Selection Effect

Zhang Juntao Zhai Jingtong Jia Bin   

  • Online:2021-02-25 Published:2021-02-25

摘要: 本文利用2013年中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)的个人样本数据与《中国城市统计年鉴》数据,考察城市规模与异质性劳动力收入和人力资本技能溢价的关系,并结合城市集聚经济理论和空间知识经济理论对其内在影响机制进行剖析与实证检验。结果显示:大城市在集聚效应和选择效应的作用下具有更高的劳动力名义工资和技能溢价水平;考虑不同规模城市的生活成本差异后,补偿效应会部分抵消大城市的工资溢价,对劳动者的实际收入产生消极影响,从而弱化大城市的技能溢价水平。进一步的非线性效应分析发现,城市规模与劳动力名义收入和实际收入分别存在倒U型和正U型关系;通过比较城市规模对不同收入群体技能溢价的差异性影响验证了群分效应的存在。研究结果对于新型城镇化过程中不同规模等级城市人才政策的制定以及技能异质性劳动力的就业选择具有重要的现实意义和参考价值。

关键词: 城市规模, 劳动力收入, 技能溢价, 集聚效应, 选择效应

Abstract: Using the personal sample data of Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP) in 2013 and the data from China Urban Statistical Yearbook, this paper investigates the relationship between city size and heterogeneous labor income and human capital skill premium, and analyzes and validates the internal influence mechanism with the theory of urban agglomeration economics and spatial knowledge economics. The results show that big cities have a higher nominal wage and skill premium under the agglomeration effect and selection effect. However, the compensation effect will partially offset the wage premium in big cities considering the differences of living costs in different-sized cities, and have a negative impact on the real income of workers, thus lowering the skill premium level in big cities. Further nonlinear effect analysis finds an inverted U-shaped relationship between city size and labor nominal income, and positive U-shaped relationship between city size and the real income. The existence of classification effect is verified by comparing the different effects of city size on the skill premium of different income groups. The results of the study have important practical and referential significance for the formulation of human resource policies for cities with different sizes in the process of new urbanization, as well as the employment selection of labor with different skills.

Key words: City Size, Labor Income, Skill Premium, Agglomeration Effect, Selection Effect