统计研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 80-92.doi: 10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2018.03.007

• • 上一篇    下一篇

各级教育投入、劳动力转移与城乡居民收入差距

李昕 关会娟   

  • 出版日期:2018-03-25 发布日期:2018-03-25

The Education Input, Labor Transfer and Urban-Rural Income Inequality

Li Xin & Guan Huijuan   

  • Online:2018-03-25 Published:2018-03-25

摘要: 本文从劳动力转移视角出发研究各级教育投入对城乡收入差距影响的微观机制,并探讨新常态下,如何进一步提高教育经费资源的配置效率。文章通过构建含二元经济结构特征的一般均衡模型,利用1995-2014年省级数据与动态空间面板模型对各级生均教育经费投入、劳动力转移与城乡收入差距的作用机制进行理论分析和实证检验。结果显示:一方面,教育投入是缓解我国城乡收入差距,实现城乡帕累托改进的有效手段,其对城乡收入差距的影响同时具有直接效应与间接效应。另一方面,各级教育投入效果不一,相比而言,义务教育尤其是初中阶段教育作用更加显著。最后,在我国宏观经济减速调整的背景下,加大教育经费投入不仅可在短期弥补私人投资减少平滑经济增长,还可促进人力资本积累提高经济潜在增速。教育投入再分配带来的劳动力转移既减少了城乡收入差距也有利于缓解就业结构转型滞后的矛盾,是实现兼具公平的包容性增长目标的重要保障。

关键词: 教育投入, 城乡收入差距, 劳动力转移

Abstract: This paper studies the microscopic mechanism of education input to narrow the urban-rural income gap and how to improve the allocation efficiency of education funds in China's "new normal" economy, with the respect of labor transfer. It introduces a general equilibrium framework to China's dual economic structure and analyzes the interaction mechanism of education input, labor transfer and urban-rural income inequality by using provincial data from 1995 to 2014 and the dynamic space panel model. The results show that education input is effective in narrowing the urban-rural income gap and achieving a Pareto improvement state in both direct and indirect ways. However, the effect of education input at different stages varies. In particular, the impact of compulsory education on improving inequality is more significant than the other education levels. With adjustment for the macroeconomic slowdown, raising fiscal expenditures on education can improve potential economic growth by promoting human capital accumulation and labor productivity in the long run. In all, education input can promote labor transfer and narrow the urban-rural income gap, which is conducive to alleviating the contradiction of the structural transformation lag in employment and achieving inclusive growth targets.

Key words: Education Input, the Urban-Rural Income gap, Labor Transfer