统计研究

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我国高校扩招后办学效率和生产率的变化

钟卫 姜万军   

  • 出版日期:2017-01-15 发布日期:2017-02-09

Efficiency and Productivity Change in the Chinese Higher Education Sector after University Enrollment Expansion

Zhong Wei & Jiang Wanjun   

  • Online:2017-01-15 Published:2017-02-09

摘要: 高校扩招时期中国高等教育的快速发展是否属于“粗放型”?高校办学规模减速后是否逐步走上了内涵式发展道路?本文以教育部直属高校为分析对象,采用DEA-Malmquist指数分析并回答这两个问题。研究发现,高校扩招至2006年之前,教育部直属高校的快速发展属于有质量的增长,这一时期全要素生产率的大幅提升与技术进步和技术效率改善都有关系,但技术进步的贡献更大。2006年之后,由于技术进步的促进作用逐步消失,以及追赶效应的“自然衰老”,生产率的增长出现明显的放缓。但是,如果考虑有质量的产出,2006年后技术效率下降幅度并不明显,这在一定程度上验证了内涵式发展目标的成效。

关键词: 高等教育, 高校扩招, 内涵式发展, Malmquist指数

Abstract: Does the high growth rate of the Chinese higher education sector during university enrollment expansion belong to an extensive mode? Does the Chinese higher education sector follow a new way of connotation-oriented development after reducing its scale of enrollment? Applying the method of DEA-Malmquist index, this study tries to response these two questions and analyzes the efficiency and productivity change in the MOE-administrated universities. The empirical results show that with the joint effect of technological progress and technical efficiency, although the former contributes more, the MOE-administrated universities achieve a high-quality development during university enrollment expansion. After 2006, the growth rate of productivity presents a downward trend for the decrease of technological progress and the natural aging of catch-up effect. However, when we use a quality index of output, the decreasing amount of technical efficiency is not obvious, which, to some extent, can prove the contribution of connotation-oriented development.

Key words: Higher Education, University Enrollment Expansion, Connotation-oriented Development, Malmquist Index