统计研究

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我国企业对外直接投资的“就业效应”

蒋冠宏   

  • 出版日期:2016-08-15 发布日期:2016-08-11

Employment Effect of Outward Direct Investment

Jiang Guanhong   

  • Online:2016-08-15 Published:2016-08-11

摘要:

企业对外直接投资是经营活动的跨国转移。这是“创造”还是“转移”了本国就业?针对该问题,本文利用我国2005-2007年1016家有对外直接投资的工业企业,运用数据匹配和倍差法(DID)检验了企业对外直接投资的“就业效应”。经过检验有如下发现:第一,对外直接投资总体促进了企业在本国就业的增长;第二,与其它投资动机比,商贸服务类投资显著促进了企业在本国就业的增长;第三,投资高收入国家显著促进了企业在本国就业的增长,而对中低收入国家的投资并没有明显替代本国就业;第四,企业对外直接投资的“就业效应”先上升后下降,呈现倒“U”型趋势。通过上述研究表明,目前我国企业大规模对外直接投资可能“创造”了国内就业。

关键词: 对外直接投资, 就业, 马氏距离匹配, 倍差法

Abstract:

Multinationals usually expand operations abroad. Does they create home employment or destroy home employment? In this paper, using the data from 1016 manufacturing firms which have outward direct investment in other countries from 2005 to 2007, and applying the matching method and different-in-different, we investigate the effect of ODI. The results suggest that ODI generally creates jobs for the firms at home country. There is much stronger creation when the ODI is for business service and in high-income countries. The employment effect presents the shape of inverse “U”. In summary, the large-scale outward direct investment from Chinese firms may have created home employment.

Key words: Outward Direct Investment, Employment, Mahalanobis Matching, Different-in-Different